基于问卷调研的住宅净化器使用行为模式研究

Preliminary Research on Behavior Patterns of Residential Purifier Use Based on Large-Scale Questionnaire Survey

住宅建筑室内空气品质(IAQ)越来越受到人们关注。室内空气品质严重影响到了人们的工作效率甚至是健康。随着人们健康意识的提高,空气净化器作为改善室内空气品质的一种有效手段正被广泛应用。实现对系统运行能耗和室内环境状况准确预测,从源头治理,是解决建筑全过程节能的基础之一。而建筑中人行为又是影响室内空气品质和建筑能耗的重要因素,不同特征的人行为将导致室内空气品质和建筑能耗的差异。为了解不同人员使用净化器的行为习惯,作者于2018年4月在全国范围进行了问卷调查。本文对问卷结果进行分析,发现净化器使用行为具有多样性。初步总结了导致净化器使用行为差异的驱动因素,其中事件驱动因素为:刚到家时、离家时、睡觉时、开窗时;环境驱动因素为:室外雾霾时、室外无雾霾时、有人吸烟时以及有异味时,其中前三者体现在PM_(2.5)浓度上。本文对问卷得到的"室外雾霾时开、睡觉时关、离家时关"等几种行为模式进行了工况模拟。模拟结果发现,不同净化器行为模式下营造的室内环境有较大差别。

Indoor air quality（IAQ） in residential buildings has become an increasingly hot topic. IAQ has a serious impact on people＇s work performance and health. With the improvement of people＇s health awareness, air purifiers have been widely used as an effective means to improve indoor air quality. It is one of the bases of energy saving in the whole process of buildings to realize accurate prediction of energy consumption and indoor environment. Also, human behavior is an important factor affecting the indoor air quality and energy consumption of buildings. Behaviors of people with different characteristics will lead to differences in indoor air quality and energy consumption of buildings. In order to understand behaviors of using purifiers by different people, a nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted in April 2018. This paper analyzes the questionnaire results and finds that the use behavior of purifiers is diverse. In the final part of this paper, several behavioral patterns, such as ＂the time when outdoor smog is on, when sleeping and when leaving home＂, are simulated. Simulation results show that the indoor environment created under different purifier behavior patterns is quite different.