成本视角下的遗传资源财产权保护制度设计研究

Research on Design of the Legal System of Genetic Resources Right:From the Perspective of Costs

为了更加全面有效地保护遗传资源,我们在坚持财产权设定的同时,还必须做出降低交易成本的努力。在遗传资源财产权保护制度设计中应采用社区所有权形式的主体机制;确立以规制无形属性的客体制度;在权利内容设计方面坚持财产规则;重视发挥专利制度对遗传资源的保护作用,但应合理设置披露义务、知情同意义务、惠益分享义务与专利效力的关联机制。

To protect genetic resources,we shall make efforts to reduce transaction costs as well as insist on the property regime. In order to reduce the costs and realize the goal of facilitating transaction and benefit sharing,it should establish the subject mechanism with the community ownership and the object mechanism regulating the intangible property. It should insist on property rules in the design of the right content. It attaches importance to play the role of patent system for protection of genetic resources,whereas it shall be a reasonable set of disclosure obligations,prior informed consent obligations and benefit sharing obligations relating with patent validity.