户口身份与工资收入差距:理论和实证分析

Hukou Status and Wage Income Gap:Theoretical and Empirical Analysis

探讨户口身份对工资收入的影响对推进我国户籍制度改革具有重要意义。户口登记地所代表的公共服务权利不平等,会降低农民工的就业稳定性,由此产生的较高工作转换成本,限制了农民工的就业选择和人力资本投资,从而造成农民工在工资收入上处于劣势。基于"反事实"分析思路,将"农转非"群体作为干预组,利用中国综合社会调查数据(CGSS 2010-2013)和倾向值分析法进行实证分析,发现户口身份转变所带来的工资收入优势仅限于迁移户口的异地"农转非"群体,对就地"农转非"群体没有影响,验证了本文提出的理论观点,表明,促进农民工跨区域、进城市稳定就业的户籍制度改革才有实质意义。

It is of great significance to explore the impact of hukou status on wage income, especially in the aspect of promoting the reform of China＇ s household registration system. In this paper, it is pointed out that the unequal right to public services provided by the registered residence has reduced the stability of migrant workers＇ employment. The resulting high cost of job transfer limits the range of their employment choice and human capital investment, thus putting them at a disadvantage in wage income. Under the counterfactual framework, this paper treats ＂nongzhuanfei＂ group as intervention group, adopts China＇ s general social survey data （CGSS2010-2013） and develops propensity score analysis to do empirical research. It found that, in terms of wage increase, the change of hukou status benifits remote＂ nongzhuanfei＂ group who transferred their registered residence, but has no impact on the local＂ nongzhuanfei＂ groups. It is shown that the reform of the household registration system,which can promote migrant workers to cross regions and move to cities for stable employment,has far-reaching significance.