性别失衡、阶层竞争与农村返乡年轻女性家庭地位的崛起——基于黔南Z村的调查

Gender Imbalance,Social Stratum Competition and the Returned Young Migrant Women Workers' Family Status Rise:——Based on the Investigation of Z Village in Qiannan,Province Guizhou

通过对贵州黔南Z村的调查,发现在人口城乡双向流动背景下,农村返乡年轻女性的家庭地位正在悄然崛起。作为依靠婚姻途径进入夫家社会关系网络中的返乡农村年轻女性,她们不仅要适应和融入村庄熟人社会、承担家庭重任和参与社会性交往,还要面对来自夫家村庄社会和家庭内部的权力纷争。然而,受婚姻市场资源配置中性别失衡、农村社会分化和阶层竞争的影响,在家庭城乡分工和代际分工进程中,返乡的农村年轻女性凭借承担家庭重任和对家庭作出的重要贡献而在婚姻主导权和家庭权力博弈中取得了优势地位。农村返乡年轻女性家庭地位的崛起并非仅受个体特定因素的影响,而是在婚姻市场形成、阶层竞争日益激烈背景下农村家庭从传统转向现代社会变迁的结果。

Based on the investigation of Z found that the family status of the returned context urban and rural two-way flow. The village in Qiannan Guizhou Province, this paper is young migrant women workers is rising quietly in the returned young migrant women workers rely on marriage way into the family social network, they not only have to adapt and integrate into the village acquaintance society, bear family responsibilities and participate in social intercourse, but also face the village social and family power struggles of her husband. However, due to the impact of the gender imbalance in the allocation of marital market resources and the influence of rural social differentiation and class competition, in the process of urban and rural division Of labor and intergenerational family division of labor, they have gained a dominant position in the game of marital dominance and family power, rely of the family and the important contribution to the on returning home to bear the responsibilities family. Therefore, the returned young migrant women workers＇ family status rise not only affected by individual specific factors, but also affected by the change of rnral families from traditional to modern society under the background of the formation of the marriage market and the increasingly fierce competition among the classes.