基于改进蚁群算法的渐进成形工艺参数优化

Optimization on process parameters in the incremental forming based on improved ant colony algorithm

针对渐进成形板厚分布不均、易导致局部破裂的问题,以平均减薄率作为目标对象,提出一种用于渐进成形工艺参数组合优化的改进型蚁群算法。通过回归分析,建立了以成形角、工具头直径、初始板厚和轴向进给量为自变量的减薄率四元二次型模型,给出了减薄率最小值优化问题模型及其约束条件。针对不同成形角的圆台件,通过蚁群算法,寻找到符合目标的最优工艺参数组合为工具头直径Φ10 mm、初始板厚1.0mm和轴向进给量1.0mm。以成形角30°,37°,45°和60°的圆台件为例,利用优化所得工艺参数分别进行ANSYS/LS-DYNA仿真和A11060铝板实验。结果表明,与Sine法则减薄率相比,改进蚁群算法、仿真及实验的减薄率偏差最大分别为0.823%,1.16%和3. 4%。

For the problem of uneven thickness distribution easily leading to the local fracture of sheet in the incremental forming,taking the average thinning rate as the objective function,an improved ant colony algorithm used for the combination optimization of incremental forming process parameters was proposed. Then,taking the forming angle,tool head diameter,initial sheet thickness and axial increment as input parameters and the thinning rate as output parameter,the second-order model was established by the regression analysis,and the minimum optimization problem model for thinning rate and its constraint conditions were given. Furthermore,based on the truncated conical parts with different forming angles,the optimal process parameters of tool head diameter Φ10 mm,initial sheet thickness 1.0 mm and axial increment 1.0 mm were obtained by the ant colony algorithm. For the truncated conical parts with forming angles of 30°,37°,45°and 60° respectively,the simulation based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA and the experiment of Al1060 aluminum sheet were conducted by the optimized parameters. The results show that compared with the thinning rate for the Sine rule,the maximum deviations of the thinning rate for the improved ant colony algorithm,simulation and experiment are 0.823%,1.16% and 3.4%,respectively.