大型真菌菌核生物活性研究进展

Research Progress in the Biological Activities of Macrofungal Sclerotia

菌核是真菌菌丝在不良环境条件下经无性繁殖形成的一种致密而坚硬的组织结构,是真菌的营养贮藏和休眠器官。大型真菌的菌核富含碳水化合物、蛋白质、多磷酸盐、脂质和矿物质等营养素以及萜类、酚类、黑色素等多种生物活性成分,常作为保健食品和营养补充剂,引起越来越广泛关注。本文在概述大型真菌菌核生物活性成分的基础上,重点综述了菌核及其生物活性成分作为功能性食品原料在免疫调节、改善肠道功能、抗氧化、调节血压血糖等方面的潜在价值以及在抗肿瘤、抗炎、利尿与肾保护、抑菌等方面的最新进展。在阐述当前国内外大型真菌菌核生物活性及其功能研究现状的基础上,分析了存在的问题,提出了可能的发展方向,为大型真菌菌核生物活性的进一步开发利用提供参考。

Sclerotia, nutrient storage and dormant organs, are dense and hard tissue structures formed by asexual reproduction of fungal hyphae under adverse environmental conditions. Macrofungal selerotia are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals and other nutrients as well as the terpenoids ,phenols and other hioactive ingredients ,attracting wider and wider attention.They are usually used as healthcare foods and nutritional supplements. On the basis of summarizing the bioactive components of macrofungal sclerotia, this review focused on their potential value as functional food ingredients in immune regulation, improvement of intestinal function, antioxidation, regulation of blood pressure and blood glucose, and the latest progress in anti -tumor, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and renal protection, hacteriostasis and so on.It prospected the existing problems and the possible development directions on the basis of the current researches which may provide a theoretical bases for the further development and utilization of macrofungal sclerotia.