重庆市煤矿临时建设用地复垦现状、问题及模式与对策研究

Study on Reclamation Status,Problems,Modes and Countermeasures of Temporary Construction Land in Chongqing Coal Mine

【目的】分析重庆市煤矿临时建设用地的复垦利用现状特征及存在的问题并提出相应的对策与建议,以期为重庆市煤矿临时建设用地的复垦利用工作提供参考。【方法】通过对重庆市25个存在临时建设用地煤矿的重点调查、对4个煤矿的临时建设用地土壤的重金属含量检测和查阅国内外相关文献资料,得出重庆市煤矿临时建设用地复垦利用的现状、存在的问题、可供借鉴的先进经验以及相应的对策与建议。【结果】1)重庆市煤矿临时建设用地具有分布分散、规模大而单块面积小、以压占损毁为主、损毁程度不等、土地负荷大、硬化度高等特征,主要包括主工业广场、堆矸场、炸药库、矿区道路、风井场地、瓦斯抽放泵站等占用地,分别占比约59.14%,27.36%,2.08%,0.98%,10.17%和0.27%;2)采样区土壤中Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,As和Hg共8种重金属元素均未超过国家土壤环境质量三级标准,但在与渝西地区土壤环境背景值对比时,却存在重金属元素超标现象,且差异较大;3)重庆市煤矿临时建设用地复垦取得一定成效,已备案煤矿区复垦项目477个,但仍存在约43%的煤矿临时建设用地处于闲置状态;4)重庆市已复垦的煤矿临时建设用地利用类型以耕地、林地、草地和园地为主,分别占到总面积的44.64%,43.99%,5.22%和4.84%。5)重庆市煤矿临时建设用地复垦利用存在分散、单块面积小复垦难度大、底数不清、污染状况不明、复垦利用技术标准缺失、复垦利用方向确定随意等问题。【结论】重庆市煤矿临时建设用地分布零散、底数不清、污染状况不明,急需开展相关调查与复垦研究,编制复垦技术规范指导重庆市煤矿临时建设用地复垦利用工作。

[Purposes]The status quo and existing problems of reclamation and utilization of temporary construction land in Chongqing are analyzed and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed so as to provide reference for reclamation and utilization of temporary construction land in Chongqing.[Methods]The status quo,existing problems,advanced experience and relevant countermeasures and suggestions of reclamation and utilization of temporary construction land in coal mines in Chongqing are analyzed through the key survey of 25 temporary coal mines in Chongqing and the detecting the results of heavy metal contents in 4 temporary construction sites in Chongqing.[Findings]1）The temporary construction land in coal mines in Chongqing has scattered distribution,large scale and small single block area,which is mainly dominated by pressure and damage,with different extent of damage,large land load and hardening and it is mainly divided into main industrial plazas,heaped dumps,explosives depots,mining roads,air shaft sites and gas drainage pump stations,occupying an area of 59.14%,27.36%,2.08%,0.98%,10.17%,and0.27% respectively.2）The levels of soil heavy metal pollution in sampling area are different,which consists of eight heavy metals such as chromium,nickel,copper,zinc,cadmium,lead,arsenic and mercury and these all exceed the third grade of national soil environmental quality.However,compared with environmental background value,there are excessive heavy metal elements,and the difference is larger.3）The reclamation of temporary construction land for coal mines in Chongqing has achieved some results.477 reclamation projects have been recorded in coal mining areas,but about 43% of the temporary construction land for coal mines is still idle.4）The reclaimed land use types of reclaimed coal mines in Chongqing are mainly cultivated land,forest land,grassland and garden land,accounting for 44.64%,43.99%,5.22%,and 4.84% of the total area respectively.5）The reclamation and utilization of temporary construction land for coal mines in Chongqing is scattered with small reclamation area per unit,unclear bottom count,unclear pollution status,and lack of technical standards for reclamation and utilization,and random determination of utilization directions.[Conclusions]The temporary construction land for coal mines in Chongqing is fragmented,the numbers of which are unclear,and the pollution status is unclear.Therefore,it is urgent to conduct relevant investigations and reclamation studies and formulate reclamation technical specifications to guide the reclamation and utilization of the temporary construction land for coal mines in Chongqing.