草原禁牧补助政策背景下牧户生计资本现状及其影响因素研究——基于内蒙古典型牧区的调查数据

Research on the current situation of the livelihood capital of the herdsman and its factors influencing the background of grazing prohibition subsidy policy in Inner Mongolia

为完善草原生态补奖政策,提高草原生态补奖效率,基于SLA框架的生计资本理论,从草原禁牧补助政策出发,利用内蒙古锡林郭勒盟禁牧与非禁牧地区307个牧户的调查样本,对比分析了内蒙古典型牧区牧户生计资本现状及其影响因素。结果表明:禁牧补助政策对于草原生态环境的改善确实起到了积极作用,但在一定程度上降低了牧户的生计资本总指数,特别是其物质资本和金融资本呈下降趋势。究其原因,禁牧后影响牧户生计的不确定因素增多,加之禁牧补助标准偏低,补偿金无法弥补牧民由限制性放牧所带来的牲畜饲养量减少而遭受的损失所致。因此,调整区域间禁牧补助标准,适当提高禁牧补助额度,延长禁牧补助年限;鼓励牧民草场流转,有规律的划区轮牧;提升牧民文化水平,提高其生存发展技能;大力发展后续产业,推动牧户开展多种经营,切实提高牧民的可持续生计能力。

In order to improve the grassland ecological compensation policy,and increase the efficiency of the grassland ecological compensation,based on the SLA framework＇s livelihood capital theory and the grassland grazing prohibition subsidy policy,by using the sample of 307 herdsman in the forbidden and non-restricted areas in Xilin Gol,we compared and analyzed the present situation of the livelihood capital and its influencing factors in typical pastoral area of Inner Mongolia. The research shows that grazing prohibition subsidy policy had a positive effect on the improvement of grassland ecological environment but decreased the overall level of livelihood capital in the short term to a certain extent,especially the material capital and financial capital of the herdsman was significantly reduced. This was due to the increase in the uncertain factors affecting the livelihood of the herdsman,and the low standard of grazing allowances,which could not make up for the loss caused by the reduction of livestock due to restricted grazing. Therefore,its important to adjust the standards for the prohibition of grazing in the region,increase the amount and years of the grazing prohibition subside. It needs to encourage the transfer of herdsmen＇s pasture and regular grazing rotation,improve the education level of herdsmen and their survival and development skills. Government should vigorously develop the following industries,promote diversified operations of the pastoralists,and effectively improve the sustainable livelihood of herdsmen to improve the herdsmen＇s sustainable livelihood.