基于地形起伏度的中国西南地区人口格局分析

Relationships between relief amplitude and population distribution in southwestern China

区域人口与资源环境的协调发展是可持续发展的重要方面。文中以中国西南地区30m分辨率DEM数据和2010年人口统计数据为基础,通过窗口分析法和均值变点分析法提取区域地形起伏度并分析其分布特征和规律;采用人口密度和人口集中度指标对区域人口集疏格局进行分析;进而通过分析地形起伏度与人口分布的相关性探讨二者之间的内在关系。研究结果表明:1)西南地区地形起伏度以中小起伏为主,中部的青藏高原东南缘、横断山区和川西高原整体起伏较大,东南部云贵高原所在区域次之,西北部的青藏高原面和东北部成都平原地形起伏最低。2)县域尺度上人口密度分布与地形起伏度分布的整体格局基本一致,小起伏地区人口密度最大,大起伏、极大起伏地区人口密度较小且存在大量无人区;人口集中度则以均值区和密集区为主,整体呈现出"西疏东密"的集疏格局。3)地形起伏度与海拔是影响人口分布的重要因素,人口集聚主要发生在低海拔、小起伏所在的盆地丘陵区,而人口稀疏则主要分布在高海拔、大起伏所在的高山高原区。

The balanced population distribution under different relief amplitude regions is important for the sustainable development. Based on ASTER GDEMv2 data and population distribution data in southwestern China,we extracted the relief amplitude by using window analysis and the mean change point method and analyzed their spatial patterns. Moreover,population density and population concentration were used to analyze the pattern of regional population. Finally,the relationship between the terrain and the population distribution was analyzed and the vertical distribution of the population was obtained. The results showed that：（ 1） fluctuation of terrain is mainly moderate and low in the study area.（ 2） The spatial pattern of population density and the terrain at the county level show a basically consistent geographical distribution. The difference of relief amplitude has important effect on the population distribution pattern,which lead to higher population density in eastern region and lower in western region.（ 3） The densely populated regions mainly occur in basins and hills,while sparsely populated areas are mainly distributed in plateau and mountains areas.