烟草甲的优良寄生蜂象虫金小蜂的生物学特性

Biological Characteristics of Anisopteromalus calandrae(Howard)(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae: Anisopteromalus), Parasitized on Lasioderma serricorne(Fabricius)

本文研究了烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne(Fabricius)的寄生蜂象虫金小蜂Anisopteromalus calandrae(Howard)的生物学特性,包括在解剖镜下观察象虫金小蜂各虫态发育情况,发育历期,羽化、交配及产卵等行为,并观察补充营养(10%蜂蜜水)对象虫金小蜂成虫寿命和繁殖的影响。研究表明,该蜂主要寄生烟草甲的高龄幼虫和蛹,以老熟幼虫或蛹在寄主茧内越冬。在温度25℃,湿度70%,光周期16L:8D的条件下,各虫态的发育历期分别为卵期1.5 d,幼虫期5.9 d,蛹期9.9 d,成虫产卵前期0.9 d,成虫寿命15.1 d,完成一代需18.2 d。单雌出蜂量29~82头,平均54.75头。在25℃条件下,以10%蜂蜜水饲喂,成虫寿命为29.6 d,单雌平均出蜂量76.1头。以上结果表明,象虫金小蜂具有发育历期短,繁殖力高,搜索能力强等优点,是一种具有很大开发潜力的寄生性天敌。

The biological characteristics of Anisopteromalus calandrae, an ectoparasitoid of the Lasioderma serricorne（Fabricius）, were investigated. Specifically, the developmental duration, longevity, feeding, parasitism behaviors and the effects of supplementary food on its development were measured. A. calandrae mainly parasitizes the old larvae and pupa of L. serricorne and overwinters as mature larvae or pupa in the host cocoon. At 25 ℃, 70% RH, photoperiod 16 L：8 D, the developmental durations of each stage were as follows： egg, 1.5 d; larva, 5.9 d; pupa, 9.9 d; pre-oviposition, 0.9 d; and adult, 15.1 d. It needs 18.2 d to complete a generation. Number of offspring per female A. calandrae was 29 to 82, averaging 54.75 in the laboratory. At 25 ℃ and fed 10% honey solution, the females lived 29.6 d and produced 76.1 offsprings. With short developmental period, high fecundity, and active search ability, A. calandrae is of a great potential for application as biocontrol agent.