不同注意资源条件下厌恶与恐惧情绪的记忆增强效应

Attention Resources Mediated the Fear and Disgust Enhancement Effects in Emotional Memory

目的:研究考察不同注意资源水平下厌恶和恐惧情绪的记忆增强效应。方法:实验1采用学习-再认范式,考察在注意资源充足条件下,个体对厌恶图片和恐惧图片的记忆效果;实验2采用注意分配范式,考察在注意资源相对宽松和相对匮乏两种条件下,个体对厌恶和恐惧两类图片的记忆效果。结果:实验1结果发现,在注意资源充足条件下,厌恶和恐惧图片的正确再认率都显著高于中性图片,且厌恶图片的正确再认率显著高于恐惧图片。实验2结果发现,当注意资源相对匮乏时,恐惧图片的正确再认率显著高于厌恶图片,然而,当注意资源相对宽松时,厌恶图片与恐惧图片的正确再认率无显著差异。结论:研究结果表明,恐惧与厌恶情绪的记忆增强效应受注意资源水平的调节。

Objective： This research explored the difference between the EEMs of disgust and fear, two negative emo- tions, which aimed to further verify the hypothesis that attention resources had dominant effect on EEMs. Methods： Experi- ment 1 used learning-recognition paradigm to examine any potential difference between the EEMs of disgust and fear, which were equal in arousal and valence, under the efficient attention resources. Experiment i used single factor design with three levels（disgust vs. fear vs. neutral）. In experiment 2, 80 participants were randomly assigned to two conditions, in a 2（attention resources condition： relatively loose vs relatively scare）x 2（emotion pattern： disgust vs fear） factorial design, who were demanded to complete a task of recognizing the shape structure or font pronunciation before the re-recognition of the emotion pictures, in which attention resources condition was between-subject factor, while emotion picture was with-in subject factor. The consumption of attention resources under recognizing the shape structure was less than recognizing font pronunciation, therefore the former belonged to the experimental condition of the attention resource relatively loose and the latter belonged to the condition of the attention resource relatively scare. Results： Experiment 1 showed that the memory ac- curacy of disgust were more intense than fear and neutral emotion under equal attention resources. Experiment 2 demon- strated that disgust stimulus gained no more better EEM effects than fear when attention resourced were relatively suffi- cient; while fear stimulus gained better EEM effects than fear when attention resourced were relatively scare. Conclusion： Enhanced Emotional Memory of fear and disgust is possibly moderated by attention resources.