我国西部农村小规模学校学生的心理素质优与劣

Small-scale Rural School Students' Psychological Quality in Northwestern China

农村小规模学校问题集中显示了我国农村教育发展的突出矛盾,是破解农村教育发展难题的重要切入点。本研究从学生心理素质的视角出发,揭示农村小规模学校学生的深层特点。基于我国西部某少数民族聚居市2016年259所学校共45771名学生的全样本管理数据和问卷数据,本研究发现:虽然农村小规模学校学生的家庭社会经济地位低于农村正常规模学校学生,但其自尊、情绪弹性和安全感水平显著高于农村正常规模学校学生,其安全感得分也显著高于城市学生。自尊和情绪弹性对数学语文成绩有显著正相关。这也许解释了虽然农村小规模学校学生家庭背景处于劣势,但与正常规模学校学生相比,在语文成绩上没有显著差异,在数学成绩上的差异不大。因此,维持农村小规模学校和教学点对于帮扶偏远农村儿童的教育具有重要的政策意义。

Rural small-scale school （RSSS） problem is a key challenge of China＇s rural education development, and is an important issue to be solved. This study reveals the deep characteristics of RSSS from the perspective of psychological quality. Based on a large administrative dataset and survey data from an ethnic minority city in northwestern China （45,771 students from 259 schools）, this study finds that： the psychological status of students from RSSS is better than those from regular size rural schools. Statistically significant differences are found between these two groups in self-esteem, emotional resilience, and security. The former two are significantly correlated with test scores, which might explain the equal average Chinese scores between RSSS students and their counterparts from regular size rural schools. Therefore, it is important to keep RSSS to guarantee the left-behind children＇s education in remote rural China.