组织化互助:探索村落治理模式的传统底色与现实路径——基于AH省三村的考察

Organized Mutual Aid: Exploring the Traditional Background and Realistic Path of Village Governance Model——Based on the Investigation of Three Villages in AH province

基于村民内生需求的组织化互助对村落治理模式的形成和延续有着深刻影响。AH省南部、中部、北部三村村民根据各自的需求,分别建立了共享性、轮享性和防卫性互助组织,开展组织化互助活动,促使各自村落治理模式在村民诉求、治理体系、治理能力和治理文化等方面产生了诸多变化。不过,因为传统互助组织具有组织目标集中却有限度、组织范围明晰却难延伸、信用程度较高却有意外、崇尚互助避险而非发展等特征,所以需要一分为二地看待其对村落治理模式的效能影响。鉴于此,可以充分挖掘其有益因子并实现现代性转化,培育现代性互助组织以规避其劣质因子,根据不同村落的情况探索'多头合议''权责共担''主辅结合'等治理模式。

The organized mutual aid based on the internal needs of villagers has a profound impact on the formation and continuation of traditional village governance model.According to their needs,the three villages in south,central and north of AH were established separately shared aid organization,enjoyed by turns aid organization and defensive aid organization,carried out organized mutual aid activities,which promoted their village governance model to make many changes in the demands of villagers,governance system,governance capacity and governance culture.However,the traditional aid organizations have the characteristics of organization goals focused but limited,organizational scope clear but difficult to extend,credit rating high but have accidents,advocating mutual hedge rather than development,so need to be divided into two aspects of its impact on the effectiveness of village governance model.In view of this,we can fully tap its beneficial factors and realize the transformation of modernity,cultivate modern mutual aid organizations to avoid inferior factors,and according to the situation of different villages,explore the governance model of'multi head collegiate','power and responsibility sharing','main and auxiliary combination'and so on.