北京市建筑类涂料VOCs排放清单编制技术方法及应用

Research and Application of the Technical Method for the Compilation of VOCs Emission Inventories from Architectural Coatings in Beijing

掌握建筑类涂料挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放特征是环境管理部门制定控制策略的前提.本研究基于实测获得建筑内外墙及防水涂料本地化排放因子,基于行业调研确定该类涂料活动水平获取途径,结合北京市建筑竣工面积,提出建筑类涂料VOCs排放清单编制方法,据此估算2015年北京市建筑内外墙及防水涂料的VOCs排放量,并分析其空间分布特征.结果表明:(1)北京市2015年建筑内外墙及防水涂料共排放VOCs约6 914.2 t·a^(-1),其中墙面涂料和防水涂料排放量分别为2 394.9 t·a^(-1)和4 519.3 t·a^(-1),分别占34.6%和65.4%;(2)在空间分布上,VOCs排放主要集中在城市发展新区及朝阳区,其中通州区最大,约占13.2%,昌平区、朝阳区次之,分别占11.8%和10.5%;(3)实施《室内装饰装修材料-内墙涂料中有害物质限量》(GB 18582-2008)及《建筑用外墙涂料中有害物质限量》(GB 24408-2009)等国家标准的管控情景下,2015年北京市建筑内外墙及防水涂料VOCs排放量相比于未管控情景下减少了8 954.2 t·a^(-1);(4)建筑类涂料VOCs含量限值进行管控能够有效控制VOCs的排放量,建议各地环境管理部门综合考虑行业技术发展水平和空气质量改善需求,适时制修订标准.

VOCs（ volatile organic compounds） are important precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere,which increase atmospheric oxidation,creating pollutants such as photochemical smog,fine particulate matter and so on. This study documented information about architectural coating VOC emission characteristics to facilitate formulation of control strategies by environmental management departments. This research was based on measured data for architectural wall and waterproof coatings to identify localized emission factors,used industry research to compile additional information,and was combined with the Beijing completed building inventory,to develop a compilation method for VOC emissions from architectural coatings. According to the above research to estimate VOC emissions of the interior wall,exterior wall and waterproof coatings in 2015,analysis of the spatial distribution of VOCs was performed and VOC emissions were estimated under two conditions regarding whether to limit the content of hazardous substances in architectural coatings from 2002-2015. The results show that（1）VOC emissions from the Beijing architechtural wall and waterproof coating was about 6 914. 2 t·a^-1 in 2015. The emissions from wall paint and waterproof coating were 2 394. 9 t·a^-1 and 4 519. 3 t·a^-1,accounting for 34. 6% and 65. 4%,respectively.（2） The spatial distribution of VOC emissions showed that emissions were mainly concentrated around the new cities being developed in the Chaoyang and Tongzhou districts. The district with the highest VOC emission is Tongzhou District,where the proportion of emission is about 13. 2%. Following it are the Changping and Chaoyang districts,respectively,at 11. 8% and 10. 5%.（3）In 2015,because of implementation of the standards 〈Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials-Limit of harmful substances of interior architectural coatings〉 （ GB 18582-2008） and〈 Limit of harmful substances of exterior wall coatings〉 （ GB 24408-2009）,compared to the no control scenario,the VOCs emissions under control scenario was one where VOCs emissions were reduced by 8 954. 2 t.（4） It follows that environmental management and control of the hazardous substance contents of architectural coatings can effectively control the VOC emission in China.