高频轴向振动在航空发动机热端部件螺母分解中的应用研究

Application Study on Nut Decomposition of Aeroengine Hot End Parts Based on High Frequency Axial Vibration

为提高航空发动机螺母分解操作的安全性、规范性及可控性,拟将高频轴向振动应用于相应螺母的分解操作,工作时通过对螺母施加沿轴向的高频振动激励,促使螺母与螺栓的螺纹牙贴合面分离,从而大幅减小螺母分解时的所需抵消的螺纹间摩擦力。系统设计时采用传递矩阵法确定尺寸参数,并基于有限元法分析振动组件的动态相应特性。然后通过对比试验,从分解力矩、瞬时温度、零件表面质量等方面对高频振动拆卸效果进行评估,试验表明高频轴向振动能有效减小螺母分解所需力矩,提高了螺母分解的质量与效率,且不会对贴合面造成的损伤。

In order to improve the safety, normalization and controllability of the nut disassembling, during the operation, the high frequency axial excitation was applied to the nut, so that the screw joint surface between the nut and the screw could be separated, so as to effectively reduce the friction force of nut when decomposition. FEM（finite element method） was taken to the analysis and design of the structure. The transfer matrix method was taken to determine the parameters of the parts in the structure design, and the dynamic corresponding characteristics was analyzed by the FEM. The effect of high frequency vibration disassembly was evaluated, from the aspects of the decomposition moment, the temperature and the surface quality of parts by comparison test. The results showed that the decomposition was reduced effectively by high frequency vibration method, and the quality and efficiency was improved, and would not cause damage to the working surface.