美国供给侧石油安全政策之论析(1977—1980)

An Analysis on the Oil Supply Side Policy of USA(1977-1980)

1979—1980年是美国二战后历史上第二次以石油为典型的能源危机高峰时段。面对来势迅猛的石油危机,卡特政府推出并实施了以石油安全为核心的供给侧层面的政策和措施。措施主要围绕确保石油市场供应来源的分散多样、数量上的持续充足、交易价位上的"合理"与平稳,以及限制进口石油的需求量、加大节能与开发新能源的力度等问题而展开。它试图弱化美国对海外,尤其是中东石油的过度依赖,维护美国外交政策的高度自主与灵活。其实现路径主要体现为双边与多边两种类型,既有应急性的权宜之计,又有前瞻性的制度导向,始终以服从和服务于美国整体和长远利益为准则和落脚点。

1979 and 1980 were the peak years of the second oil-typical energy crisis in the history of the United States after World War Ⅱ. In face of this serious oil security crisis, the Carter administration launched and implemented the supply side policy, which mainly included the diversification of the oil supply market,long-term oil sufficiency, "reasonable" and stable transaction prices, restriction on oil importation, the conservation of current energy and the development of new energies, etc.. This policy was aimed at reducing excessive dependence on oversea oil supplies, in particular the Middle East oil supply. The Carter Administration tried to maintain the autonomy and flexibility of the U.S. foreign policy. Employing bilateral and multilateral approaches, and with short-term oriented measurements and the forward-looking guidance,the policy served for the long-term and maximum interests of the United States.