美国联邦政府退伍军人行政管理模式改革探析

The Reform on Veteran Management in the Federal Government of the United States

在传统的政府退伍军人管理模式无力单独应对日益复杂的退伍军人权利保障的背景下,美国联邦政府的立法思维从倚重单一行政管理向行政管理和司法监管并重转变,改变对退伍军人行政权力约束机制过于单一的做法,通过了《退伍军人事务司法审查法》,回应了退伍军人的权利诉求,顺应了美国社会发展对退伍军人保障的需要。该法的通过,将行政集权式的退伍军人行政管理模式,变为分权式的行政管理模式,构建了多元争议解决机制,强化了退伍军人的权利救济制度,进一步完善了退伍军人权利保障机制。

To deal with the increasingly complicated situation to protect veterans' rights, the U.S. federal government reformed the veteran management system in the 1980s. Driven by the organization of the Vietnam War Veterans and supported by some Senators, the Congress passed the Veterans Judicial Review Act of 1988(VJRA). VJRA fulfilled the need to guarantee the lives of veterans in the fast changing U.S.society. It reformed the administrative procedures for veterans, provided judicial channels to protect veterans' rights,reinforced the charitable institution, and further improved the legal mechanism for veterans.