观念冲突与价值碰撞——陕西乡村民众对1950年《婚姻法》的误解透视

Conflicts of Ideas and Values:An Analysis on the Implementation of Marriage Law in Rural Shanxi of 1950

与以往的土改等革命运动不同,1950年《婚姻法》的颁布,实际上是共产党执政理念第一次在全国层面上挑战农村基层民众的固有观念。乡村民众对婚姻法普遍持有误解,认为是"离婚法""妇女法""整穷人法",极大地影响了法律贯彻执行,并最终导致中央人民政府以群众运动的方式予以解决。立足于乡村民众婚姻观和价值取向分析发现,这些误解产生的原因从历史进程的纵向发展维度看,是新旧婚姻家庭观念的冲突;从各方主体价值取向的横向切面看,它体现了不同价值追求的碰撞。这些误解与谣言折射出共产党以立法方式进行婚姻社会变革遭遇的现实困境,也预示着中国从传统走向现代的曲折历程。

The Marriage Law in 1950 challenged people's old ideas and values in the countryside. Peasants accused it of encouraging people to divorce, favoring women, and putting the poor in a difficult situation.These misunderstandings greatly hindered the implementation of the Marriage Law so that the central government could only carry on it by various movements. Such misunderstandings reflected the conflict between the old and new marriage ideas. The old ideas were based on the economic and social reality of the traditional society, maintaining the authority of males and parents. Such misunderstandings also reflected the collision of values. The lawmakers tried to destroy the feudal marriage system and establish the new democratic one. However, rural people sought for their own interests. The Communist Party encountered the practical difficulties in changing the marital system by legislation. The road to modernity was tortuous.