克罗齐的“真历史”与“假历史”——一份病理学分析

An Analysis on "True History" and "False History" of Bendetto Croce

作为风格独具的学者,克罗齐特别擅长运用精准而富有表现力的概念表达其历史哲学思想,而差异辩证法是理解克罗齐进行概念区分时最重要的方法。克罗齐对真历史和假历史的区分,就是差异辩证法的具体运用。克罗齐在对假历史的主张和观点进行逐一反驳和批判(即病理学分析)之后,把假历史作为真历史的必由阶段和必经之路纳入真历史的行程之中。由此可见,克罗齐对假历史的病理学分析,其目的从来不是要消灭它们,而是提醒研究者关注它们的存在,并把它们作为真历史的永远可以纳入其精神发展的消极或辩证阶段,并最终实现真假历史的辩证统一。而这也正是克罗齐关于真假历史论述的精彩和独到之处。

As a historian and historical theorist, Croce had a unique style, for he was especially skilled at expressing his own historical thoughts with precise and performative concepts. The dialectics of difference helps us understand how Croce distinguished the concepts. He used dialectics in differentiating the true history from false history.Croce criticized false history one by one with a pathological analysis, and he believed that false history paved the way for true history. Croce tried to remind researchers of the existence of false history, rather than eliminating them. He regarded them as the negative side of true history, and attempted to realize the final dialectical unity between them.