二战后法国农地产权政策初探

On the Agriculture Land Policies in Post-World War Ⅱ France

大革命后法国逐渐建立起一种小农土地产权的模式,碎化且分散的土地形态及以小农为主体的农业生产经营结构一直延续到二战结束,成为农业现代化的阻碍。战后法国政府通过改善碎化及分散的小土地经营单位和优化家庭农场经营规模以进行农地结构调整,主要方式包括:小土地的整治,通过干预租佃权以及农地流转市场实现土地资源优化配置,通过农业信贷进行引导。农地结构调整实质上是一种农业结构转型,同时带动了乡村社会结构转型,其根本在于通过干预与保障农民的地权而助力农业现代化。

A kind of property rights of small peasants was established after the French Revolution. Fragmented and scattered farm units existed until the end of World War Ⅱ and greatly hindered agriculture modernization. After World War Ⅱ, the French government initiated a large-scale government-led reconstruction process, which was characterized by the state-planned economy. Structural policy was the major part of domestic agricultural policies in postwar France. The adjustment of agricultural land aimed to ameliorate the fragmentation of plots and expand family farms to achieve modernization. The main methods included the intervention of tenancy rights, the improvement of agricultural land market, and the guidance of Credit Agricole. The agrarian land structural adjustment transformed the agricultural structure, which simultaneously led to the rural social transformation and helped achieve agricultural modernization by protecting farmers' land rights.