吴大澂与晚清东北边务

Wu Dacheng and the Northeastern Border Affairs of the Late Qing Dynasty

晚清东北边务的问题,是19世纪70年代末在中俄伊犁交涉过程中产生的。1880年至1883年间,吴大澂以三品京官身份奉命经略东北边务,先后推行了编练边防军、招抚边地金匪、筹措边地屯垦等有效措施,加强了东北边防;同时,他还针对中俄边境出现的新问题,提出了在海参崴设中国领事公所,保护朝鲜以钤制日本等主张,为加强东北边务献计献策。1886年,吴大澂再度奉命出关,与俄国重勘东部边界,收回了部分被俄国侵占的领土,为捍卫国家领土主权作出了重要的贡献。

The problem of the northeastern border affairs in the late Qing Dynasty appeared during the process of negotiation concerning Yili between China and Russia at the end of the 1870s.From 1880 to 1883,Wu Dacheng was appointed to manage and plan the northeastern border affairs as the Capital Official of Grade Three.He strengthened the northeastern border defense by implementing many effective measures,such as compiling and training border-guard forces,enlisting the burglarizing-goldmine-bandits from the border area,raising money for the local troops to open up wasteland,etc.In order to do this better he simultaneously addressed the new issues emerged on the China-Russia border,and put forward many new proposals like setting up a Chinese Consulate in Haishenwai(Vladivostok),protecting Korea to restrict Japan,etc.In 1886,Wu Dacheng was once again ordered to go to Manchuria to re-reconnoiter the east borderline with Russia.He took back part of the land which had been occupied by Russia,which is an important contribution to defending the territorial sovereignty of the state.