清朝刑科题本与新史学

Penal Memorials to the Throne of the Qing Dynasty and the New History

清代内阁大库档案是中国近代四大发现的古文献之一,其中的刑科题本由于保存了丰富的社会经济内容而受到重视。20世纪以来,以强调借鉴社会科学,讨论国民、群体、社会为主的新史学,替代帝王"家谱"的传统史学,蔚为大观。新史学随时代前进,不断推陈出新。在清代社会历史研究方面,从社会经济史到社会史,再到生活史,以资本主义萌芽、阶级关系、下层社会、婚姻家庭、诉讼司法、性别研究、日常生活(生命、生计与生态)的不断探索,推动着学术研究,而这些学术发展与利用清朝刑科题本有密切关系。本文不仅介绍学术界利用清代刑科题本的研究成果,而且旨在揭示新史学与清朝刑科题本的关系,探讨史学变化与时代之间的关联。

The archive of the Grand Secretariat in the Qing Dynasty is one of the four important ancient documents in modern China.Due to the preservation of a wealth of socio-economic contents,Penal Memorials to the Throne are paid great attention to since the 20th century,the new history that emphasizes the use of social science to discuss nationals,groups,society has substituted the traditional history emphasizing the emperor.So the new history has achieved a rapid development.In the study of social history of the Qing Dynasty,from the social-economic history,social history,to livelihood history,the continued explorations on bud of capitalism,class relation,lower society,marriage and family,litigation justice,gender studies,and daily life(life,livelihood and ecology)have all promoted academic researches.The development of academic research has a close relation with Penal Memorials to the Throne of the Qing Dynasty.This article not only introduces the research results using the Throne of the Qing Dynasty,but also aims to bring insight into the relations between the new history and the Penal Memorials to the Throne,exploring the changes of the study of history with that.