被遮蔽的光彩——李景汉与中国近代人口调查研究

The Shadowed Achievements——Studies on Li Jinghan and His Research on the Population of Modern China

中国近代人口调查史是研究中国近代人口史的重要基础。民国时期社会学者主持的人口调查,规模大小不一,但调查方法比较严谨,代表着中国人口调查走向近代化的基本趋势。作为中国近代社会调查的奠基人之一,李景汉在社会概况调查的学术架构下先后在定县主持了1928年515户人口调查和1930年5 255户人口调查,从中获取了定县乃至华北农村社会人口状况大量而准确的数据,在此基础上他展开了对华北农村人口问题的极有价值的研究;他还参与了1934年定县人口总调查,并详细地总结了在中国农村调查人口的经验教训。1938至1944年间,李景汉与陈达、戴世光等学者共同主持清华大学国情普查研究所在云南的人口调查工作,取得了举世瞩目的成就,作为调查主任和主要设计者之一,他都有外人不容易看到的重要贡献。相对于政府主导的诸多人口调查,社会学者主持的人口调查长期以来在学术界未受到应有的重视,忽视这条线索将会使我们不能看到中国近代人口调查史的全貌。

The history of modern census was a fundamental constitution of the history of population in modern China.In the period of the Republic of China,some sociologists conducted several censuses.Despite their varying scales,the methods were meticulous and thus stood for the basic tendency of the modernization of Chinese census.As one of the founders of China's modern social survey,Li Jinghan conducted two censuses in Ding County in 1928(515 households)and 1930(5 255 households)with the scholarly framework of social survey and collected some large and accurate data regarding the population of Ding County and the village population in North China.Based on the data,he then developed some valuable research on the village population in North China.He also partly conducted the 1934 census of Ding County and concluded in great detail about the experiences and lessons.Between 1938 and 1944,Li Jinghan,along with Chen Da and Dai Shiguang,joined the Institute of Census Research at Tsinghua University and conducted the census on Yunnan.The result was recognized by international academic field.Subsequently,the dismissal of this field will blind us from seeing the whole picture of the history of modern census in China.