关于铁路特长隧道单、双洞模式的研究

Research on the Mode of Single-track Tunnel or Double-track Tunnel of Super-long Railway Tunnel

研究目的:随着铁路特长隧道数量的不断增加,特长隧道的运营安全成为运营部门关注的焦点,本文通过对国内外特长隧道火灾应对策略及火灾工况下疏散模拟等方面进行对比分析,从而为解决隧道火灾疏散安全及单、双洞设置模式提供理论依据和工程实例。研究结论:(1)列车在隧道内着火时,绝对安全是不可能实现的,但可以通过合理的措施把风险降低到一个可以接受的低水平;(2)疏散安全主要取决于紧急救援站(隧道外比紧急救援站更安全)的间距;(3)按20 km的间距设置紧急救援站后,火灾列车不能到达紧急救援站的概率仅为0. 01%,这个概率与单、双洞方案无关;(4)合理设置通风排烟及疏散工程后,特长隧道可以采用单洞双线方案;(5)本研究成果将主要应用于隧道防灾疏散救援和选线领域。

Research purposes： With the increase of super long railway tunnels,the operation safety of super long tunnels has become the focus of the operation department. The paper compares and analyzes the fire coping strategies and the evacuation simulation under the fire conditions of the super long tunnel at home and abroad,provides a theoretical basis and engineering example for the tunnel fire evacuation safety and the mode setting of one double-track tunnel or two single-track tunnels of super-long railway tunnel.Research conclusions：（1） When a train fires in a tunnel,it is impossible to establish an absolute safety,but it may be possible to reduce the risk to an acceptable low level by reasonable measures.（2） Evacuation safety mainly depends on the distance between the emergency rescue stations（outside is safer than the emergency station） in the super long tunnel.（3） When the emergency rescue station is set at 20 km spacing,the probability that the fire train can not reach the emergency rescue station is only 0. 01%. This probability is independent of the number of tracks in the tunnel.（4） After a reasonable ventilation and smoke exhaust engineering and evacuation engineering,one double-track tunnel scheme can be adopted for the super-long railway tunnel.（5） The research results are mainly applied in the field of tunnel disaster prevention,evacuation,rescue and tunnel line selection.