战后政权接收视域下国民政府与苏联的关系

Relations Between the National Government and the Soviet Union in the View of Regime Take-over after the War

考虑到美、英急于要求自己在欧洲战事结束后向日本宣战与实现自己"二战"胜利后的远东战略,苏联顺利与美、英在1945年2月初签订了严重侵犯中国主权的《雅尔塔协定》,从中获得了巨大的国家利益。在苏联与美国的压力下,尤其是苏联出兵中国东北后的威胁,8月14日国民政府在失去相当国家权益的基础上与苏联正式签署《中苏友好同盟条约》,基本上认同"雅尔塔协定"规定的条款,同时也获得了从苏联全面接收东北主权与不支持中共的承诺。苏联在日本无条件投降后一度支持国民政府在全国的合法受降权以及限制中共武装发展而走与国民党合作的政治解决路径,但随着不久后美苏之间矛盾日益凸显,尤其美国与国民政府之间关系密切且威胁到其远东战略与在华特权,苏联逐渐调整对华政策。虽然从名义上仍认可国民政府的合法接收,但对国民政府在东北接收过程中采取了较为强硬的压制态度,同时暗地加大了对中共武装进入东北的支持力度,打乱了国民政府接收东北的计划,从而使其东北接收出现较为复杂的局面。国民政府即使明知苏联的对华用意,并尽力与之协商,但根本无法解决美苏之间在华的利益冲突,于是坚持与美合作而对苏采取较为疏远态势,并严格督促苏军按协定必须早日全部撤出东北,从而与苏联之间的矛盾更趋加深。

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,the National Government passively signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the Soviet Union in order to fully take over the Northeast China and get access to the dominant power in striving with the Communist Party of China for controlling the surrendering areas. But the Soviet Union was worried that its strategic interests in the Far East were threatened by the United States,so it took a tougher and restrained attitude toward the National Government＇s response in the Northeast China,which had disrupted the plan of the National Government and make the Northeast China regime take-over a more complex situation while deepened the contradiction between the National Government and the Soviet Union.