从引语的性质看反问构式“什么NP”

A Research on the Rhetorical Construction “What NP” from the Nature of Quotation on the Dialogue

本文从对话中引语的性质和类型的角度探讨反问构式"什么NP",发现该构式有三种类型:甲类是描述性反问构式,其否定为语义语用否定,其中的"什么"为疑问代词的反问用法。乙类为引述性判断反问构式,其中有否定真值的,为语义语用否定;更多的是不否定真值,属于元语否定。丙类为引述性祈使反问构式,也不否定真值,是对对方言说行为的否定,故为元语否定。乙类、丙类中的"什么"都是引述性反问标记。三种类型反问构式的来源并不一样:甲类来源于疑问代词"什么"的反问用法,乙类是判断句省略主语和系词"是"的结果,丙类来自劝阻句式"说什么……"。

This paper investigates a rhetorical construction ＂What NP＂from the perspective of the nature and type of quotation on the dialogue. It is found that there are three types of constructions： Type Ⅰ is descriptive rhetorical constructions,which has semantic and pragmatic negation meaning,in which ＂what＂is on its rhetorical interrogative pronoun sense. Type Ⅱ is quoted judgment rhetorical constructions,some of which has semantic and pragmatic negation meaning denying the true value; more of which are metalinguistic negation,not denying the true value. TypeⅢ,as quoted imperative rhetorical constructions,is negation of speaking behavior of the addressed,not denying the true value,and so it is also metalinguistic negation. In Type Ⅱ and Ⅲ,interrogative pronoun ＂what＂is a quoted rhetorical question tag. The sources of the three types of rhetorical constructions are different： Type Ⅰ comes from the rhetorical question usage of the interrogative pronoun ＂what,＂Type Ⅱ is the result of the omission subject and a copula in the copulative sentence,and Type Ⅲ comes from the dissuading sentence ＂what to say... ＂.