环太平洋成矿带斑岩-矽卡岩型铜矿和与花岗岩有关的锡多金属矿研究现状与展望（英文）

Current research progress and future trends of porphyry-skarn copper and granite-related tin polymetallic deposits in the Circum Pacific metallogenic belts

长期以来,斑岩型铜矿是研究和勘查的热点。在20世纪70~90年代,对与花岗岩有关锡矿进行了大量深入研究,近几年,锡被列为一种关键金属,锡矿的研究和勘查又成为新的热点之一。锡矿和铜矿是环太平洋地区乃至全球最重要的两种矿床,但两者的成矿物质和成矿过程相差迥异。环太平洋地区的锡矿和铜矿主要形成于晚中生代至新生代,通常认为与太平洋板块俯冲有关,包括古太平洋板块、伊泽奈岐板块、法拉龙板块以及现今太平洋板块。本文主要综述了环太平洋成矿域的斑岩-矽卡岩铜矿和与花岗岩有关锡矿的时空分布特点、成矿岩体、矿床成因以及成矿环境的研究现状。尽管,目前已经取得了诸多重要进展,但仍然存在一些重要的科学问题亟待解决,例如,1)中国东部平行同时代成对出现的三条锡(钨)成矿带与斑岩铜矿成矿带的形成机制? 2)沿欧亚大陆边缘发育长达一万多公里的巨型铜金锡成矿带,而且绝大多数矿产发育于一系列伸展盆地中,其成矿背景是什么?此外,我们认为开展玻利维亚和大兴安岭南段Sn-Ag成矿系统的对比研究,是推动大兴安岭南段及邻区锡矿找矿取得突破的重要途径。

Porphyry copper deposits have been the focus of research and exploration for many years. Granite-related tin deposits were extensively studied from the 1970＇s to 1990＇s and has emerged as an important topic for exploration due to the shortage of tin in recent years. The magmatic-hydrothermal tin and copper deposits constitute important ore types in the Circum Pacific Rim,as well as over the world,and are usually derived from distinct sources through different ore-forming processes. Tin and copper deposits with enormous metal endowment in the Circum Pacific Rim mainly formed from Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic,and are genetically associated with subduction of the Pacific plates comprising the Paleo-Pacific,Izanagi and Farallon plates,as well as the modern Pacific plate. In this paper,we review the progress on the ore genesis,ore-related granitoids,and spatial-temporal distributions of porphyry-skarn copper and granite-related tin polymetallic deposits as well as the ore-forming tectonic settings. Although significant progress has been achieved,many scientific problems remain unresolved,including the three distinct spatial-temporal coupling of Mesozoic granite-related tin-tungsten and porphyry copper belts in East China,and the mechanism of formation of over 10,000 km long Cretaceous Cu-Au-Sn ore belt in which occurs within a series of extensional basins along the Eurasian continental margins. We propose that comparative studies on the genetic model of the Sn-Ag ore system in both Bolivia and South Khingan Range will be helpful to discover more tin polymetallic deposits in East China.