艾滋病合并真菌感染研究概述

A general review of study on mixed fungal infection in AIDS patients

真菌感染是艾滋病患者最常见、比重最大的机会性感染,是最重要致死原因之一。常见的机会性真菌感染包括:念珠菌病、卡氏肺孢子菌病、隐球菌病、马尔尼菲蓝状菌感染、组织胞浆菌病、球孢子菌病。本文介绍了机体的CD4^+T淋巴细胞与机会性真菌感染关系以及常见的真菌感染的流行病学、发病机制、临床表现、诊断、治疗、预防等方面研究进展。提高临床医生对这类真菌感染系统全面的认识,有助于做到早期诊断、早期治疗,合理选择抗真菌药物,从而提高患者生存质量,延长生存时间。

Fungal infection is the most common opportunistic infection in acquired immune deficiency syndrome（AIDS） patients and is one of the most important causes of death. Common opportunistic fungal infections include candidiasis, pneumocystosis, cryptococcosis, Talaromyces marneffei infection, histoplasmosis, and coccidioidomycosis. This paper introduces the relationship between CD4^＋T lymphocytes and opportunistic fungal infections and the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatments and prevention of common fungal infections in AIDS patients. These knowledges are of great significance for clinicians to improve their understanding of the diseases and to make early diagnosis, to treat early, to select antifungal drugs reasonably, and to improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time of patients.