浆细胞样树突状细胞在宿主抵御隐球菌肺部感染中的作用及机制研究进展

Advances in the role and mechanism of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the protection of cryptococcal pneumococcal infection

肺隐球菌病是由隐球菌感染引起的常见真菌病,由于症状的非特异性,临床上诊断较为困难。作为条件致病性真菌感染,肺隐球菌病的结局主要与宿主免疫力有关。目前肺隐球菌病免疫学发病机制研究主要局限在T细胞和巨噬细胞。近年研究表明,作为树突状细胞亚群之一的浆细胞样树突细胞,由于其激活后可以产生大量的I型干扰素并活化相关的T细胞,所以在机体抵抗病毒和细菌免疫中发挥着重要的作用。但是浆细胞样树突细胞在真菌病,尤其是在隐球菌病的发生发展中发挥的作用尚不明确。本文将介绍肺隐球菌病的临床表现、诊治及T细胞和巨噬细胞在肺隐球菌病中的免疫机制,并通过介绍肺隐球菌病和浆细胞样树突细胞及二者之间已有报道的联系,初步阐述浆细胞样树突细胞在肺隐球菌病免疫学发病机制中的相关作用。

Cryptococcus pneumonia is a common fungal disease which is caused by cryptococcal infection. Due to the nonspecific symptoms, it is difficult to make a definite diagnosis. As a conditional pathogenic fungal infection, the outcome of cryptococcal pneumonia is mainly related to host immunity. At present, the immunological pathogenesis of cryptococcal pneumonia is mainly limited to T cells and macrophages. In recent years, studies have shown that plasmacytoid dendritic cells, one of the subpopulations of dendritic cells, play a role in the human＇s resistance to virus and bacterial immunity because they can produce large amounts of type I interferons and activate related T cells. However, the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in fungal diseases, especially in cryptococcosis, remains unclear. This article will introduce the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of Cryptococcus pneumonia, and the immune mechanisms of T cells and macrophages in Cryptococcus pneumonia and introduce the previously reported links between cryptococcal pneumonia and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in order to initially explain the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of cryptococcal pneumonia immunology.