否定“好为人师”:孟子师道观的一种解读路径及其启示

Denial of “Like to be a master to others”: An Interpretation Path and Enlightenment of the View of Teacher's Profession of Mencius

"好为人师"是孟子师道观中的一项重要议题。"为人师"本是善举,用"好"字加以修饰,"好为人师"在伦理与价值观层面就会体现出一种需要加以否定的涵义。孟子对于"好为人师"也确实持一种否定的态度,这主要是基于"好为人师"所表现出的"不知己"、"易其言"、为名利、无责任等一系列情感态度与道德认知问题。孟子通过否定好为人师者具备为人师的内在条件性与现实可能性,最终指向如何为人师的规范与要求,即"由博返约"、"言行合于义"与责任担当。孟子对"好为人师"的否定,既是理解中国古代师道观问题的一种特殊思维路径,同时也为当今教师教育思想的建构提供具有逻辑特色的历史经验。

＂Like to be a master to others＂is an important issue of the View of Teacher＇s Profession of Mencius. ＂Be a master to others＂is a good thing. Modified with the word ＂like＂,＂Like to be a master to others＂will reflect a meaning that needs to be negated at the level of ethics and values. Mencius does have a negative attitude towards＂Like to be a master to others＂. This is mainly based on a series of emotional attitudes and moral cognition issues such as＂not knowing oneself＂,＂easy to say＂,fame and fortune,and no responsibility. By denying ＂Like to be a master to others＂has the inherent condition and realistic possibility of being a teacher,Mencius finally points to the norms and requirements of how to be a teacher,that is,＂by returning to the contract＂,＂combining words and deeds with righteousness＂and taking responsibility. Mencius＇ s negation of ＂Like to be a master to others＂is not only a special way of thinking to understand the problem he View of Teacher＇s Profession of ancient Chinese,but also provides a historical experience with logical characteristics for the construction of teachers＇ education thoughts today.