《本草纲目》引用今佚古医籍初考

Preliminary Research of Examples in Compendium of Materia Medica (《本草纲目》) Referring to Ancient Lost Medical Books

以若干亡佚医籍在《本草纲目》中的引用作为例证,探讨其引用文献的错综复杂情况。《陈氏经验方》《小儿宫气集》《张焕小儿方》、姚和众《童子秘诀》均为《本草纲目》引用书目,今皆亡佚。经考证研究,有些今亡佚医籍当时为李时珍亲眼所见,如《陈氏经验方》;也有可能转引自其他古籍,如《小儿宫气集》《张焕小儿方》和姚和众医方书。《本草纲目》引录前人文献,一般医理内容与之相同,但李时珍有意简略处理文字。推测其或许出于压缩版面,降低出版费用,以益于促使《本草纲目》出版之考虑。《本草纲目》"序例"提及引用书目数量统计与正文所载不完全吻合,不能依照"序例"确定其具体引用文献的数量。《本草纲目》保存了诸多亡佚古医籍之佚文与相关线索,具有十分重要的学术价值。

This paper took the reference of some lost medical books quoted in Compendium of Materia Medica（ 《本草纲目》） as example to discuss the complexity of the cited literature. Chenshi Jingyan Fang（ 《陈氏经验方》）,Xiao Er Gongqi Ji（ 《小儿宫气集》）,Zhang Huan Xiao Er Fang（ 《张焕小儿方》）,and Tongzi Mijue（ 《童子秘诀》）written by YAO Hezhong were all cited in Compendium of Materia Medica,and they were all lost today. According to textual research,some of these lost medical records were read by LI Shizhen at that time,such as Chenshi Jingyan Fang. Some were also possible to be quoted from other ancient books,such as Xiao Er Gongqi Ji,Zhang Huan Xiao Er Fang,and Tongzi Mijue. The general medical science content of Compendium of Materia Medica was the same as it quoted the previous literature,but LI Shizhen intended to handle the text briefly. After repeated analysis and comparative study,it was speculated that the purpose was to compress the layout and reduce the publishing cost,so as to facilitate the publication of Compendium of Materia Medica. The preface of Compendium of Materia Medica referred to that the number of bibliographies quoted was not completely consistent with the text. According to the preface example,and the number of specific citations could not be determined. Compendium of Materia Medica contained anonymous texts and relevant clues of many lost ancient medical books,which had the great value of clinical application and academic inheritance.