区域生态效应研究中人类活动强度定量化评价

Quantitative evaluation of human activity intensity on the regional ecological impact studies

人类活动及其干扰会产生不同的生态环境效应,定量化评价区域人类活动干扰的特点是分析人类活动对区域生态环境影响的基础。人类活动强度的定量评价有助于更好地理解生态系统变化的驱动机制,对于合理调控人类活动,预防或减少可能产生的生态危机以及区域的规划管理和政策的制定具有重要意义。目前研究主要是从压力变化和状态变化两方面对人类活动强度进行的评价。本文基于人类活动压力的视角,建立了基于权重的多指标叠加体系对人类活动强度进行评估;从状态变化的角度,从土地利用变化、生态系统服务变化或多因子状态变化等方面进行评价。介绍了在定量化评价人类活动强度中应用较为广泛的方法,如人类足迹指数、喀斯特干扰指数、生态足迹方法和景观发展指数等。指出了目前人类活动强度定量化评价研究中存在的问题及对未来发展提出了建议。

Human activities and interventions may have various ecological impacts. Quantitative evaluation of human disturbance is critical for analyzing the effect of human activities on the regional ecological environment. Such evaluations are valuable for understanding the driving mechanism of ecological change and regulating of human activities. In addition, information obtained from the evaluation is helpful to prevent or reduce the potential ecological crisis, and useful on regional planning and policymaking. In this paper, we review the quantitative evaluation methods of human activity intensity from the perspective of ecological impacts. We found that a majority of existing studies mainly evaluate the intensity of human activity from two aspects： pressure change and state change. In the aspect of pressure change, weight-based multi-index superposition systems are established to evaluate the intensity of human activities. In the aspect of state change, human activity intensity is evaluated primarily based upon land use change, ecosystem service change, or multi-factor state change. In addition, this study provides detailed descriptions of methods that are widely applied in the evaluation of human activity intensity, such as the human footprint index, karst disturbance index, ecological footprint, and landscape development index. Finally, we discuss the current problems with the quantitative studies of human activity intensity and give our suggestions for the future study.