规范与失范:以民国国立大学退休制度的实践为中心考察

Norms and Anomie:a Central Review of the Practice of the Retirement System in the National University of the Republic of China

国立大学退休制度是由政府主导,以保障老年教职员生活以及促进高等教育新陈代谢为目标的教师管理制度。它增强了政府对国立大学教职员的掌控力度,也凸显了当时的教育部对隶属机构的规范力。但在制度实践过程中,往往呈现出失范的状态,各校往往选择性使用、曲解含义或者暗中抵制,当时的教育部对此亦视而不见,学、部之间形成控制与反噬的双重权力互动。同时,政府的过度干预,也造成了行政效率的低下。制度在实践过程中的失范,一方面体现出国家权力在传动过程中出现一定程度上无形的损耗,另一方面与中国近代战乱频繁的历史现实关系紧密。

The retirement system of the National university is a system of teacher management, which is led by the government to safeguard the retire life of the elderly faculty and to promote the metabolism of higher education. It strengthened the government＇s control over the staff of the National university and highlighted the normative power of the then Ministry of education on the subordinate institutions. But in the process of institutional practice, it often presented a state of anomie. Schools often used selectively, misinterpreted meaning or secretly resisted. The then Ministry of education had also ignored this. There was a double power interaction between the school and the Ministry of education. The government＇s excessive intervention had also caused the low administrative efficiency. On one hand, the anomie of the system in the process of practice reflected the invisible loss of state power in the transmission process. On the other hand, it wass closely related to the historical reality of frequent wars in modern China.