陕南易地扶贫搬迁农户生计脆弱性研究

Livelihood vulnerability of rural households under poverty alleviation relocation in southern Shaanxi,China

易地扶贫搬迁是精准扶贫的重要实现途径之一,脆弱性评估为易地扶贫搬迁在生计层面的研究提供了一个新思路。本研究通过构建易地扶贫搬迁农户的生计脆弱性评价指标体系及评估模型,运用生计脆弱性指数衡量农户的生计脆弱度,探讨不同类型农户的生计脆弱性指数及其维度的差异,选择多元线性回归模型分析估计农户暴露度、敏感性、适应能力和生计脆弱度的影响因素。结果显示:调查区域工程移民的生计脆弱性指数分布不均,内部分化明显,生计脆弱度相对较高,而各种安置方式的农户群体之间均在生计上表现出一定的脆弱程度。高收入农户生计脆弱性指数为偏态分布,表现为相对低位均衡化。随着农户生计多样化程度的提升,从单一生计户到多种生计户,敏感性和适应能力均趋于升高,而两种生计户的生计脆弱度最低。风险冲击、信贷可能性和已搬迁时间以及家庭规模、家庭负担比、教育和对周围人信任度均是影响易地扶贫搬迁农户生计脆弱性的重要因素。针对项目区搬迁农户生计脆弱性差异和重要影响因素,提出降解生计脆弱性的对策建议。

The poverty alleviation relocation is an important part of targeted poverty alleviation effort. Vulnerability assessment provides a new idea for the study of the poverty alleviation relocation on livelihoods of rural households. By constructing the evaluation index system and assessment model, the Livelihood Vulnerability Index was adopted to measure the rural household＇s vulnerability degree. The differences between different types of rural household＇s livelihood vulnerability index and its dimensions were identified. The multiple linear regression model was selected to estimate the influence factors of the degree of exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity and livelihood vulnerability. The livelihood vulnerability index of infrastructural resettlement in survey area is unevenly distributed, the internal differentiation is obvious, and the livelihood vulnerability is relatively high, and the farmer households of various resettlement modes show a certain degree of vulnerability in their livelihood. The high-income farmers＇ livelihood vulnerability index is skewed, showing a relatively low equilibrium. With the increase in the diversification of farmers＇ livelihoods, from single households to multiple households, the sensitivity and adaptability tend to increase, while the two kinds of livelihoods of the households are the least. The risk shocks, credit possibilities and already relocation time as well as household size, family dependency ratio, education and trust in the surrounding people are all key factors that affect the livelihood vulnerability of poverty alleviation relocated rural households. In view of the differences and important influencing factors of the livelihood vulnerability of the relocation in the project area, the countermeasures and suggestions for the livelihood vulnerability of degradation were proposed.