林地细碎化程度对农户营林积极性的影响

The impact of forestland fragmentation on farmers' investment incentives on forestland

集体林权制度改革会引起林地细碎化程度的变化,进而会对农户营林积极性产生影响。利用国家林业局经济研究发展中心的大样本农户调研数据,分析了林地细碎化程度的动态变化,并从整体和异质性两个视角,实证检验了该变化对农户营林积极性的影响。考虑到林地细碎化的内生性问题,倾向值匹配方法被采用。研究发现:(1)集体林权制度改革使林地细碎化程度整体上得到改善,仅有少数(11.70%)农户的林地细碎化程度出现加剧现象;(2)受林地细碎化程度改善的影响,农户的单位面积资本投入增加了35%～37%,劳动投入增加了10%～11%;受非农就业行为的影响,农户对林地的要素投入呈现出资本替代劳动的态势;(3)异质性角度看,上述积极作用在不同类型的农户间存在显著差异,即仅对务农为主、商品林为主、较大林地规模、中高收入水平的农户显著。这为后续配套改革措施的目标群体识别提供了决策支持。

The new round collective forest tenure reform （CFTR） has been launched in China. Along with this reform, the fragmentation level of forestland may change, which would further affect farmers＇ investment incentives on forestland. Using a large dataset collected by the State Forestry Administration, this study characterized the dynamic changes of forestland fragmentation. Moreover, the effect of this change on farmers＇ forestland investments was further investigated under the perspective of farmers＇ heterogeneities. The change of fragmentation is considered as an endogenous variable. Hence, the propensity score matching （PSM） method was employed to control the endogeneity bias. The results showed that the level of forestland fragmentation had been generally improved following the CFTR. Only 11.70% of households underwent an exacerbation. Due to this change, farmers＇ capital and labor inputs on forestland significantly increased by 35%-37% and 10%-11%, respectively. Furthermore, farmers were inclined to input more capital on farmland, instead of labor. This phenomenon might be resulted from farmers＇ behavior of off-farm employments. However, the above effects are not uniform among different farmers. From the perspective of farmers＇ heterogeneities, the positive effects are only significant for households who are more relied on agricultural cultivation, households who have more commercial forests, households who have large forestland size, and households who are endowed with medium-high off-farm income rate. These findings will be beneficial to identify the policy targets in the following reform and will provide useful policy implications to improve farmers＇ investment incentives on forestland.