长江经济带城市土地利用效率评价

Assessment of urban land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

城市土地资源的合理有效利用是经济可持续发展的重要保障。以长江经济带108个地级及以上城市为研究对象,运用三阶段DEA模型和Malmquist指数对2005—2015年城市土地利用效率进行静态和动态分析。研究结果表明:(1)剔除外部环境和随机误差因素对城市土地利用效率影响之后,综合效率和纯技术效率显著提高,规模效率、技术进步和全要素生产率呈现不同幅度下降;(2)土地利用效率整体处于较低水平,空间格局呈现下游地区显著高于中、上游地区,长江沿线以南地区显著高于以北地区的分布态势,与纯技术效率联系密切;(3)土地利用规模报酬空间分异明显,长江中上游地区多处于规模报酬递增阶段,而中下游地区投入冗余情况显著;(4)土地利用全要素生产率年均下降0.7%,前期受到规模效率和纯技术效率的抑制,后期由技术进步推动发展,各城市土地利用效率趋于均衡。

The rational and effective utilization of urban land resources is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of the economy. Taking 108 prefecture-level cities and above in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as research objects, the three-stage DEA model and Malmquist index are used to analyze the static and dynamic urban land use efficiency from 2005 to 2015. We found that the comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency significantly increased, while scale efficiency, technological progress and total factor productivity decreased to varying degrees after excluding external environment and random error factors. The overall urban land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is at a low level, and the scale efficiency is relatively high. The spatial distribution of land use scale remuneration is significantly different, land use scale remuneration in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River is in the stage of increasing, while the middle and lower reaches of the region show redundant inputs. The efficiency of land use among all cities shows that the distribution of land use efficiency in the downstream area is significantly higher than that in the middle and upper reaches, and the area south of the Yangtze River is significantly higher than that in the north, closely related to pure technical efficiency. The Malmquist Index shows an annual average of 0.7% decline in total factor productivity of land use, and it is mainly affected by technical efficiency. In the early stage, the Malmquist efficiency index is restrained by the scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency, while the latter is promoted by technological progress. Urban land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt tends to be balanced.