长链非编码RNA在恶性黑素瘤中的研究进展

Long non-coding RNA in malignant melanoma

黑素瘤是一种可导致患者死亡的恶性皮肤肿瘤。然而,当前对恶性黑素瘤发生的分子作用机制了解还极其有限,治疗恶性黑素瘤的方法亟待有新的突破。长链非编码RNA(long-non coding RNA,LncRNA)是一类能在表观遗传学、转录调控以及转录后调控等多种层面上调控基因表达水平的RNA分子。近年来,随着对LncRNA深入地研究,发现LncRNA与多种人类重大疾病的发生密切相关,包括恶性黑素瘤。许多与恶性黑素瘤相关的LncRNA被发现,部分LncRNA影响黑素瘤细胞增殖、侵袭和转移的分子机制被逐渐揭示,使得LncRNA成为黑素瘤早期诊断、治疗及靶标药物开发的研究热点。本文重点就LncRNA在黑素瘤中的研究进展进行综述,并初步讨论其在临床治疗中的潜在应用价值。

Malignant melanoma is the leading cause of skin cancer-related deaths. However, the current understanding of molecular mechanism for malignant melanoma remains extremely limited, and the therapeutic methods of malignant melanoma need to be broken urgently. Long non-coding RNA（LncRNA） regulates gene expression as RNA molecules at many levels, including epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation and posttranscriptional regulation. In recent years, with the in-depth research of LncRNA, it is showed that LncRNA molecules have a strong correlation with the occurrence of many major human diseases, including malignant melanoma. Many LncRNAs associated with malignant melanoma have been found, and the molecular mechanisms of some LncRNAs involving the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of malignant melanoma cells have been gradually discovered. So the research of LncRNAs on the early diagnosis and treatment of malignant melanoma as well as the development of target drugs has become a hotspot. In this article, the research progress in LncRNAs associated with malignant melanoma is emphatically reviewed, and their potential value in clinical application for malignant melanoma is preliminarily discussed.