药师在药品不良反应上报中的作用

Role of pharmacists in the report of adverse drug reactions

目的探讨药师在药物不良反应上报工作中的作用,为拓展药品不良反应(ADR)监测、提高监测质量提供依据。方法收集2015年1月1日至2017年12月31日上报至国家ADR监测中心的999例药物致不良反应报告,根据报告人职业、报告类型、门诊上报、住院上报、给药途径和药物品种数等进行统计,并就存在的问题通过案例进行分析。结果药师的报告占总上报数的54.25%,高于医师(17.62%)和护士(28.03%)。门诊和住院上报ADR的比例分别为52.05%和47.95%。药师上报ADR涉及的药物品种数最多、剂型最广。药师对口服药物的ADR关注度更高。结论随着临床药师积极参与到药物治疗过程中,ADR上报的数量增加了,其他医务人员上报产生的问题更易被发现和纠正,统一审核上报也提高了报告的质量和可靠性。药师在ADR的监测和上报工作中起着重要的作用。

Objective To determine the role of pharmacists in the report of adverse drug reactions （ADRs）, and to provide theoretical bases for the expansion of ADRs monitoring and the quality improvement. Methods Totally 999 ADR reports in National Center for ADR monitoring from Jan. 1st 2015 to Dec. 31th 2017 were collected and analyzed in terms of reporters＇ occupation, report type, outpatient report, inpatient report, routes of administration, and drug varieties, etc. The problems in existence were analyzed by cases. Results The proportion of reports from pharmacists reached 54.25%, higher than that from doctors （17.62%） and nurses （28.03%）. The percentage of outpatient and inpatient reports was 52.05% and 47.95%, respectively. The ADRs reported by pharmacists involved most drug varieties and broad dosage forms. Pharmacists were more concerned about the adverse reactions of oral administrations. Conclusion Active participation of clinical pharmacists in the drug treatment increases the number of ADR report, while reports by other medical staff are more likely to be corrected. Unified review improvs the quality and reliability of the reports. Pharmacists play an important role in ADR monitoring and reporting.