摘要
Composites containing biological materials with nanostructured architecture have become of great interest in modem materials science, yielding both interesting chemical properties and inspiration for biomimetic research. Herein, we describe the preparation of a novel three-dimensional （3D） nanostructured MnO2-based com- posite developed using a carbonized proteinaceous spongin template by an extreme biomimetics approach. The thermal stability of the spongin-based scaffold fadlitated the formation of both carbonized material （at 650 ℃ with exclusion of oxygen） and manganese oxide with a defined nanoscale structure under 150 ℃. Remarkably, the unique network of spongin fibers was maintained after pyrolysis and hydro^ermal processing, yielding a novel porous support. The MnO2-spongin composite shows a bimodal pore distribution, with macropores originating from the spongin network and mesopores from the nanostructured oxidic coating. Interestingl3~ the composites also showed improved electrochemical properties compared to those of Mno2. Voltammetry cycling demonstrated the good stability of the material over more than 3,000 charging/discharging cydes. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed lower charge transfer resistance in the prepared materials. We demonstrate the potential of extreme biomimetics for developing a new generation of nanostructred materials with 3D centimeter-scale architecture for the storage and conversion of energy generated from renewable natural sources.
Composites containing biological materials with nanostructured architecture have become of great interest in modem materials science, yielding both interesting chemical properties and inspiration for biomimetic research. Herein, we describe the preparation of a novel three-dimensional （3D） nanostructured MnO2-based com- posite developed using a carbonized proteinaceous spongin template by an extreme biomimetics approach. The thermal stability of the spongin-based scaffold fadlitated the formation of both carbonized material （at 650 ℃ with exclusion of oxygen） and manganese oxide with a defined nanoscale structure under 150 ℃. Remarkably, the unique network of spongin fibers was maintained after pyrolysis and hydro^ermal processing, yielding a novel porous support. The MnO2-spongin composite shows a bimodal pore distribution, with macropores originating from the spongin network and mesopores from the nanostructured oxidic coating. Interestingl3~ the composites also showed improved electrochemical properties compared to those of Mno2. Voltammetry cycling demonstrated the good stability of the material over more than 3,000 charging/discharging cydes. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed lower charge transfer resistance in the prepared materials. We demonstrate the potential of extreme biomimetics for developing a new generation of nanostructred materials with 3D centimeter-scale architecture for the storage and conversion of energy generated from renewable natural sources.
