驾驶人智能手机使用行为与风险感知分析

Analysis of drivers' smartphone usage behavior and risk perception

为了分析驾驶人在驾驶时使用手机的特点与风险感知水平之间的关系,基于网络和实地问卷开展了以450名驾驶人为有效样本的调查研究。通过二元Logistic回归分析,并结合问卷分析结果主要回答以下3个问题:(1)驾驶人开车时主要使用手机的哪些功能;(2)驾驶人对开车使用手机的风险认知情况;(3)驾驶人是否愿意接受限制驾驶时使用手机的功能(APP)。研究结果表明:驾驶时使用手机使交通事故发生的可能性增加3.421倍;72%的被调查者承认存在开车使用手机的情况,且驾驶人驾驶时使用的手机功能(可选择多个功能)主要为通话(70.6%)、导航(55.8%)、音乐(29.8%)和社交软件(25.6%),且通话功能的使用率基本随年龄/驾龄的增长而升高,导航和音乐功能的使用率基本随年龄/驾龄的增长而降低;95.1%的被调查者认为驾驶时使用手机存在一定风险或风险很高,且开车使用手机发生频次较高的危险类型主要包括过交叉口未注意信号灯(17.4%)、追尾(17.1%)和未注意行人(10.4%);83.3%的被调查者表示很愿意和或许会尝试使用手机的限制功能,但该意愿受驾驶人使用手机频率和风险认知水平的影响,其中认为没必要立即回复短信和电话、驾驶时使用手机频次较少的驾驶人,其风险感知水平较高,且更愿意接受驾驶时限制手机功能以提高驾驶安全性。

In order to analyze the relationship between characteristics and risk perception of smartphone usage while driving,a survey was conducted among 450 drivers through online and field questionnaires.Through binary logistic regression analysis and the questionnaires,this analysis were mainly used to answer the following three questions：1.What do drivers commonly use smartphone for while driving？2.What is the risk perception of drivers on smartphone usage while driving？3.Are drivers willing to accept blocking of smartphone while driving（through an APP）？The results show that the probability of traffic accidents caused by smartphone usage while driving is shown to increase 3.421 times.72% of drivers questioned admit to usingasmartphone while driving.Drivers are more inclined to make phone calls（70.6%）,navigate（55.8%）,listen to music（29.8%）,and use social media（25.6%）,multiple functions can be selected,and phone call usage increases,while navigation and music usage decrease with age/driving experience.Smartphone usage while driving is perceived to be dangerous or very dangerous behavior by 95.1% of drivers.The risks elevated by smartphone usage while driving are：no attention to signals at crossings（17.4%）,rear-end collisions（17.1%）,and no attention to pedestrians（10.4%）.Although 83.3% of drivers may use a function that blocks smartphone usage while driving, willingness is affected by frequency of smartphone usage and risk perception.Drivers who perceive it unnecessary to respond to phone calls or messages immediately and do not use smartphones frequently while driving,have a better risk perception and are more likely to accept restrictions about smartphone usage while driving in order to improve driving safety.