河北省外来务工青年健康素养水平调查与分析

Analysis on status of health literacy among migrant young workers in Hebei Province

目的了解河北省外来务工青年所具备的健康素养水平,分析其影响因素,为有效开展健康教育干预提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法 ,对河北省张家口市和保定市4个区县的4个大型商贸城和4个大型工厂1157名16～35岁外来务工青年进行问卷调查。结果调查对象健康素养水平为8.0%,低于2016年全国健康素养水平(11.58%),健康素养水平多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄为21～25岁(OR=0.171,95%CI:0.072～0.407)、26～30岁(OR=0.184,95%CI:0.090～0.376)的外来务工青年健康素养具备水平低于31～35岁的外来务工青年;文化程度为小学及以下(OR=0.105,95%CI:0.018～0.630)、初中(OR=0.149,95%CI:0.059～0.377)、高中/中职/中专(OR=0.278,95%CI:0.106～0.725)的外来务工青年健康素养具备水平低于本科及以上的外来务工青年;到当地从业时间为3～5年(OR=5.510,95%CI:2.431～12.485)、6～8年(OR=2.948,95%CI:1.120～7.759)的外来务工青年健康素养具备水平高于8年以上的外来务工青年。结论河北省外来务工青年健康素养水平较低,各方面健康素养水平不均衡,应针对不同年龄和文化程度外来务工青年特点,加强对从业时间长,低收入群体的健康教育干预,提高外来务工青年的健康素养水平。

Objective To understand the level of health literacy and its influencing factors among migrant young workers in Hebei Province, and provide reference for effective implementation of health education interventions. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to survey 1157 objects who were 16 to 35 years old migrant workers from 8 large-scale commercial cities and large factories in 4 districts and counties located in Zhangjiakou City and Baoding City in Hebei Province. Results The health literacy level was 8. 0%. which was lower than the national level in 2016（11. 58%）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the health literacy level showed that the health literacy levels in age group 21-25 years old（OR=0. 171, 95% CI： 0. 072-0. 407）, 26-30 years old（OR=0. 184. 95% CI： 0. 090-0. 376） were less than age group 31-35 years old. The health literacy levels of groups with primary school and below education level（OR= 0.105. 95% CI： 0.018-0.630）, junior high school（OR=0. 149. 95% CI： 0.059-0.377）, high school/middle vocational/vocational height（OR=0. 278, 95% CI： 0. 106-0. 725） were below the group with bachelor, s degree or above. The health literacy level of group with 3-5 years working time（ OR =5. 510. 95% CI： 2. 431-12. 485）,6-8 years（ OR = 2. 948, 95% CI： 1. 120-7. 759） of migrant workers were higherthan group with 8 years or above. Conclusion The level of health literacy among migrant workers in Hebei Province is low, and the levels of health literacy in all aspects are unbalanced. It is necessary to address the characteristics of young migrant workers with different ages and education levels, strengthen health education interventions for long-term and low-income groups, and to improve the health literacy of migrant young people.