西方城市族群居住隔离的空间整合:理论、政策与反思

Ethnic Urban Residential Segregation and Spatial Integration of Western Countries:Theoretical Models,Public Policies and Reviews

在西方国家,城市族群居住隔离普遍被视为社会整合难题。为了探究城市族群居住隔离的根本原因,西方学界形成了空间同化理论、族群分层理论、文化偏好理论等理论模型。在这些理论模型的影响下,旨在通过居住空间调整促进各少数族群社会整合的住房政策被西方各国政府视为最有效的政策工具,其中美国的公平住房政策、荷兰的城市更新计划、芬兰的住房配额制度等最为典型。但这些政策效果都不明显,主要是因为既受制于政策目标的"文化同化"困境与政策制定的"选举政治"制约,也受限于政策路径的"居住空间"局限。

Ethnic urban residential segregation was generally regarded as a social integration problem in the western countries.As the explanation of the segregation,many theoretical models,such as spatial assimilation theory,ethnic stratification approach and cultural preference model,have been produced.Under the influence of these theoretical models,the western urban government often selected the public housing policies which were designed to promote the social inclusion through the spatial integration,as the most effective policy tools,The typical policies included fair housing policy in the USA,urban renewal plan in the Netherlands and housing quota system in Finland.Because of the policy aim of cultural assimilation,the policy-making which was affected by the election politics and the policy tool which was limited in living space adjustment,the effects of these policies were not good as expected.Currently,in China,for the construction of the interwoven social structure and community environments among ethnic groups,it is significant to analyze these theoretical models and housing policies,draw lessons from their failure,and use the experience of the cities.