宇文泰“关中化”政策及其对华夏文化发展的影响

Yuwen Tai's宇文泰 “Gruanzhong Hua关中化”Policy and the Effect on the Development of Huaxia华夏 Culture

本文一一考证辨析陈寅恪所谓"关中本位政策"的内容和性质:府兵制初期并非是鲜卑部落兵制,其兵农分离改变了内迁北人的镇民府户身份,有利于北族编民化从而融入华夏社会;所谓"八柱国"和"所将士卒亦改从其姓"一类措施,全是宇文泰在创业过程中超压同侪、势逼帝尊的掩耳盗铃手段;李虎家族确曾移镇武川,并同宇文泰家族一道卷入葛荣之乱;宇文泰改西迁有功汉将之山东郡望为关内郡望,本意是要以首望统领乡兵,而非"以断绝其乡土之思"。这些表明,宇文泰的"关中化"其实是汉化政策,是其北族南徙内迁过程的继续;其改用《周官》要在返本开新,冲击荡涤"魏晋以来门第之政治社会制度风气",与中国古代社会发展历程相应,推动了华夏文化更新和社会演进。

This article examines and analyzes the content and nature of Chen Yinke's"Guanzhong关中standard policy".The early stage of the fubing zhi府兵制(garrison militia system)was not the Xianbei鲜卑tribal system,and the separation of soldiers and peasants changed the identity of the military household from the north,which was beneficial to the northern ethnic group as the ordinary household to integrate into the Huaxia society.The socalled"eight pillars of generals"and"to change soldiers surnames to the general's surname"were all the deceiving means of Yuwen Tai to surpass over his colleagues and even the emperor in the process of power build-up.Li Hu李虎family had indeed moved to Wuchuan武川 as the garrison,and with the Yuwen Tai family involved in Ge Rong's葛荣rebellion.The goal of changing the generals' household register counties from Shandong 山 东 to Guanzhong,was to make their reputation as the first-class family of Guanzhong to lead the local soldiers,instead of "cutting off their thoughts of hometown."So,Yuwen Tai's Guanzhong hua policy was actually a sinicizing policy,which reflected the process of the migration of the northern ethnic groups.He used Zhouguan 周官actually to return back the basics to renew the politics.The policies which in fact undermined"the political and social pedigree system of the Wei魏 and Jin 晋 Dynasties,"helped the development of ancient Chinese society and promotion of the Huaxia culture.