有效避免生物多样性先破坏后保护的典范——以《河北雄安新区规划纲要》为例

Role Model for Effective Prevention of Biodiversity from“Destroy First and Protect Afterwards”Pattern: Take the Outline of Plan for Xiongan New District of Hebei Province as an example

近年来,随着生物多样性对城市可持续发展的重要作用逐渐显现,城市生物多样性正在成为国内外关注的热点问题。一些城市在生物多样性方面存在诸多问题,在很大程度上是由于这些城市过去在规划中,囿于当时认识和意识的限制,未能考虑生物多样性因素,造成了生物多样性"先破坏、后保护"的现象,导致城市改造和可持续发展遇到更多的问题。事实上,由于规划不当对生物多样性造成的破坏,在后期保护中要付出更大的代价,甚至永远无法恢复。河北雄安新区在建设之前,秉承生态优先、绿色发展的理念,将生物多样性纳入《雄安新区规划纲要》,生物多样性保护理念贯穿始终,将有效避免对生物多样性先破坏、后保护的模式,为后续城市生物多样性管理与可持续发展打下坚实的基础。虽然生物多样性保护理念已贯穿《规划纲要》始终,但要想真正实现生物多样性保护目标,还需编制科学的生物多样性保护实施方案、在后续具体规划编制时适当增加生物多样性指标以及在城市建设和管理中将生物多样性纳入环评等支撑工作。

As biodiversity has been attached greater significance in terms of urban sustainable development lately, urban biodiversity has ranked among the most hotspot issues domestically and overseas. Due to knowledge and awareness restraints and lack of biodiversity in urban planning during the past times,some cities suffered consequences of ＂destroy first and protect afterwards＂,leading to more problems in urban reconstruction and urban sustainable development. In fact,improper urban plans without consideration of biodiversity take heavy toll on afterwards biodiversity conservation or even cause irreversible damage. Xiongan New District of Hebei Province gives priority to ecological conservation and green development by integrating biodiversity into the Outline of the Plan for Xiongan New District. Biodiversity conservation is one of the leading concepts throughout the Outline of the Plan which effectively prevents the pattern of＂destroy first and protect afterwards＂and paves the way to following biodiversity management and sustainable development. Though biodiversity is mainstreamed in The Outline of the Plan,it is still required to develop biodiversity conservation implementation plan,integrate biodiversity indicators into the Plan for Xiongan New District and incorporate biodiversity into SEA/EIA in urban construction and management to realize the ultimate objective of biodiversity conservation.