4-16岁唐氏综合征儿童视觉区辨与年龄的关系研究

Study on the Relationship between Visual Discrimination and Age of 4-16 Years Old Children with Down Syndrome

目的了解唐氏综合征(Down's syndrome,DS)儿童视觉区辨的发育情况及其与年龄的关系。方法采用第三版视知觉技巧测验(无动作)评估上海市四所辅读学校4-16岁DS儿童的视知觉技巧,共21例。结果 1)视觉区辨技巧的原始分与实际年龄有相关性(r=0.132),且随实际年龄的升高有增长趋势,均无显著性差异(P=0.569)。2)视觉区辨技巧的相当年龄小于4岁的概率为85.71%,等于4岁的概率为9.52%,处于6岁的概率为4.76%。3)视觉图形背景技巧优于视觉完形和视觉空间关系技巧,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论虽然DS儿童的视觉区辨技巧均存在发育缺陷,即其相当年龄均比实际年龄低,但在TVPS-R中表现出视觉区辨技巧随实际年龄的升高有增长趋势。

Objective To understand the development of visual discrimination in children with Down＇s syndrome（DS） and its relationship with age. Methods The third edition of the Test of Visual Perceptional Scales（NonMotor）（TVPS-R） was used to evaluate the visual perception skills of children with DS（Down syndrome） aged 4-16 in 4 schools for the mentally retarded in Shanghai, in a total of 21 cases. Results 1） The raw score of Visual Discrimination skills was correlated with the actual age（r=0.132）, and showed an increasing trend with the increase of the actual age, with no statistical significance（P=0.569）.2） There was an 85.71% chance that the equivalent age of Visual Discrimination skills was less than 4 years old. 3） Figure-ground skills is better than that of Visual Closure and Spatial Relationships skills, and the difference is statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Although children with DS show an increase in visual discrimination skills with the increase of actual age in TVPS-R, they all have developmental defects, that is, their equivalent age is lower than their actual age.