呼吸机相关性肺炎高危因素及护理措施

Risk Factors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Nursing Measures

目的探讨重症监护病房机械通气患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的相关高危因素及护理措施。方法回顾性分析ICU 2016年1月至2017年12月147例进行机械通气患者的临床资料,分析发生呼吸机相关性肺炎的高危因素及护理措施。结果 147例患者中出现VAP 47例(30.6%),其中死亡12例,死亡率为25.5%,3例放弃治疗。发现高龄、口咽部细菌定植、反流,误吸、机械通气时间过长,交叉感染等高危因素。结论针对VAP发生的高危因素,进行有效的治疗护理措施,减少VAP的发生率和死亡率。

Objective to explore the risk factors and nursing measures of ventilator-associated pneumonia（VAP） in patients with mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit. Methods the clinical data of 147 patients in ICU with mechanical ventilation from January 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and the risk factors and nursing measures of ventilator-associated pneumonia were analyzed. Results among the 147 patients, 47（30.6%） had VAP, among which 12 died, with a mortality rate of 25.5% and 3 gave up treatment. High risk factors such as advanced age, oropharyngeal bacterial colonization, reflux, false aspiration, long mechanical ventilation and cross infection were found. Conclusion in view of the high risk factors of VAP, effective treatment and nursing measures were taken to reduce the incidence and mortality of VAP.