中日语言互动与术语的生成、演变——以“工人”与“劳动者”为例

On the Creation and Development of Socialistic Terms in the Perspective of Japanese-Chinese Interaction: A Case Study of Gongren and Laodongzhe

由前近代向近代的转型过程中发生的中日语言互动,促进了两国近现代术语体系的形成。本文以社会主义学说的重要术语"工人"与"劳动者"为案例,在语言互动视阙下考察了中日两国语言中术语的生成与演变,探究了语言互动与术语生成的内在关系。文中指出中日两国语言在术语生成过程中的互动并非简单的单向性借用,还呈现出双向性的移动。因互动而分别使用于中日两国语言中的"工人"与"劳动者",在日语语境下,经历了新概念替代旧概念、新术语替代旧术语的嬗变过程。在汉语语境下则经历了借用词替代本土词、本土词经再概念化替代借用词的演变过程。

Language interaction has occurred frequently between Chinese and Japanese in the creation of socialistic terms. The two languages have gone through historical transformations while absorbing some terms from each other. Chinese gongren was reconceptualized and actively used in the economic field in Japanese. However, with the creation of laodongzhe, the for- mer has been phased out in Japanese gradually, and the later has been used widely as a socialistic term. The term laodongzhe once replaced the Chinese original term gongren since it was imported from Japanese. However, with the fast spread of Marx- ism, both of these terms have been reconceptualized once more. Gongren came to express ＂working class＂, while laodongzhe has been used as a normal term.