沥青质分子结构研究进展

Progress of research on molecular structure of asphaltene

作为渣油中极性最大、最重的部分,沥青质的相对分子质量、分子大小、分子结构以及相关特性的分子和单元结构间的相互作用影响着渣油胶体稳定性及其反应过程。对沥青质特性及其相对分子质量测量方法进行了综合性评述,结果表明:单岛论(Island)是目前最符合沥青质真实分子结构的理论;通过傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱、核磁共振、X射线、原子力显微镜等先进手段,结合常规物理化学分析方法和新的测试手段,可以提炼沥青质这类极性大分子化合物的"指纹",有助于提高对沥青质和渣油微观精细结构的深入认识,更好地预测和控制油品中沥青质含量。研究结论可为原油开采、运输、加工等方面提供借鉴,保证工业装置运行操作的可靠性和安全性。

As the most polar and heaviest part of the residue oil,the molecular weight,size,molecular structure of the asphaltenes,the molecular structure of the relevant properties,and the interaction between the unit structures affect the stability of the residue gum and its reaction process. The measurement methods for the asphaltene properties and associated molecular weight are described and evaluated. The results show that the single island theory（ Island） is the most consistent theory of the real molecular structure of asphaltene at present. Through the breakthrough progress made by Fourier-transform mass spectrometry,nuclear magnetic resonance,X ray,atomic force microscope and other advanced means and in integration with the conventional physical and chemical analysis methods,new testing methods have been developed,and the ＂fingerprints＂of asphaltenes such as polar macromolecules can be refined and the asphalt can be improved. The deep understanding of the fine micro-structure of the quality and residue and better prediction and control of the asphaltene in the oil products have provided a good reference for the exploitation,transportation and processing of crude oil,and the reliability and safety of the operation of the commercial units have been ensured.