大学生高水平男女排运动员运动损伤风险及个案研究

Sports Injury Risk of High Level Male and Female College Volleyball Players and Case Study

目的:通过对北京体育大学校排球代表队学生进行功能动作筛查,并对个案进行干预实验,为队伍提供风险报告和预防损伤的训练方案。结果:总分的平均值男排13.75,女排14.14,测试总分低于14分的男排为42.67%,女排为35.71%;男女排主动直膝抬腿得分均为项目中平均分最高的项目;男排总体不对称比例33%,女排为34.28%;男女排躯干旋转稳定性、肩部灵活性和深蹲测试测试得分较低;4名运动员干预后测试得分有提高。结论:男女排整体处于运动损伤高风险临界值;不对称比例较严重;男女排屈髋的主动灵活性、无负荷状态分腿能力、在骨盆稳定以及对侧腿保持主动伸展情况下大腿后部肌群的主动柔韧性相对较好;男排腰部损伤概率相对更大,女排中肩部损伤的概率较大;肩部灵活性、躯干稳定性是需要加强训练,身体运动功能训练有助于运动员潜在损伤的预防。

Objective： The purpose of this study was to provide risk reports and injury prevention training programs for the volleyball team of Beijing Sport University by screening the students＇ function action and conducting intervention experiments on individual cases. Results： The average score was 13. 75 for men,14. 14 for women,and42. 67% men had a total score of less than 14,35. 71% women had a total score of less than 14. Male and female volleyball players＇ active straight knee lift leg score was the highest average item in the project. The overall asymmetry of male volleyball players was 33%,while that of females was 34. 28%. Male and female volleyball players had lower scores in rotation stability,shoulder flexibility and squat test scores. The scores of 4 athletes improved after intervention. Conclusions： Overall,men and women volleyball teams were at the high-risk threshold of sports injury; the asymmetry ratio was more serious; male and female volleyball players flexibility of hip flexion,no-load state of the splitting ability,and the active flexibility of the posterior thigh muscle group were relatively good under the condition of pelvic stability and active extension of the opposite leg; male volleyball players had a higher probability of waist injury,while female volleyball players had a higher probability of shoulder injury; shoulder flexibility and trunk stability needed more training; and physical function training was helpful to prevent potential injury.