基于能量转化规律的加工变形控制方法研究

Research on Process Distortion Control Method Based on Energy Conversion Law

由于航空弱刚性整体结构件具有尺寸大、壁薄、材料去除量大等特点,在加工成型过程中的变形问题十分突出。本文建立了典型结构的弹性力学物理方程,研究了初始残余应力释放对应变能转化及结构变形的影响,揭示了应变能减低的初始状态与结构最小变形的对应关系。利用应变能转化规律建立了毛坯余量分配优化的解析模型,可通过该模型精确计算零件最小变形时的余量分配。以T型缘条结构件为例,通过数值仿真验证了基于应变能转化的加工变形控制方法的有效性。

Because of its large size ,thin wall and high material removal volume ,the distortion in machining the aero- nautical structural part with weak rigidity is remarkable. In this paper,the physical equation of the elastic mechanics of a typical structure is established. The effect of initial residual stress release on transformation of strain energy and structural distortion is studied, and the relationship between initial state of strain energy and minimum distortion of the structure is revealed. For optimization of the blank allowance distribution, an analytical model which can be used to calculate the allow- ance with the minimum distortion is established by using the transformation law of strain energy. Taking the T shaped strip structure as an example, the effectiveness of the processing distortion control method based on strain energy conversion is verified by numerical simulation.